<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u: Sau 7 gi\u1edd t\u1ed1i ng\u00e0y 25 th\u00e1ng 12, 1991, ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 CS to\u00e0n tr\u1ecb (totalitarianism), m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t ra ngo\u00e0i v\u00f2ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt m\u1ecdi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp, t\u1ea1i Li\u00ean X\u00f4 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u00e1o chung. Nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 to\u00e0n tr\u1ecb c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 (techno-totalitarianism) ra \u0111\u1eddi. Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 to\u00e0n tr\u1ecb m\u1edbi mang \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh to\u00e0n tr\u1ecb c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt sau c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng tin h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1990. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n tr\u00ean danh ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf t\u1ea1i M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u sau th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18, tuy nhi\u00ean, tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 th\u00e2n x\u00e1c m\u00e0 c\u00f2n n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
——-<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nhi\u1ec1u th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n M\u1ef9 c\u00f2n gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t l\u00e1 th\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea7y tranh c\u00e3i c\u1ee7a Willie Lynch \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00ean b\u1edd s\u00f4ng James, ti\u1ec3u bang Virginia, n\u0103m 1712. L\u00e1 th\u01b0 nh\u1eb1m c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n cho c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 n\u00f4 da tr\u1eafng nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 da \u0111en.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tranh c\u00e3i v\u00ec ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a l\u00e1 th\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00ec n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef h\u1ecdc cho \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00e1 th\u01b0 gi\u1ea3 nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng d\u00f9 gi\u1ea3 hay th\u1eadt c\u00e1c \u00fd ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a l\u00e1 th\u01b0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh \u0111\u00fang s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i M\u1ef9 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Theo l\u00e1 th\u01b0, tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1edd s\u00f4ng James, Willie Lynch b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p c\u1ea3nh m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 b\u1ecb treo c\u1ed5 tr\u00ean c\u00e0nh c\u00e2y, v\u00e0 \u00f4ng ta ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t n\u00e0y. Willie Lynch ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m th\u1ea5t nh\u00e2n t\u00e2m hay th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t cho s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 m\u00e0 v\u00ec c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 n\u00f4 M\u1ef9 phung ph\u00ed m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n Willie Lynch c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 n\u00f4 v\u00e0 trong m\u1eaft ch\u1ee7 n\u00f4 Willie Lynch con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, con b\u00f2 hay con ng\u1ef1a c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c chi nhau. \u00d4ng vi\u1ebft trong th\u01b0 : \u201cT\u00f4i ng\u1eedi th\u1ea5y m\u00f9i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 ch\u1ebft treo tr\u00ean c\u00e2y c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0i d\u1eb7m. B\u1ea1n \u0111ang m\u1ea5t \u0111i h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb do b\u1ecb treo c\u1ed5, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i d\u1eady, n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 b\u1ecf tr\u1ed1n, m\u00f9a m\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f4i khi b\u1ecb b\u1ecf l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u00e1 l\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i t\u1ee9c t\u1ed1i \u0111a, th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng b\u1ea1n b\u1ecb h\u1ecfa ho\u1ea1n, gia s\u00fac c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft. Th\u01b0a c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n, c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 li\u1ec7t k\u00ea c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, t\u00f4i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u cho b\u1ea1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft ch\u00fang.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y, Willie Lynch \u0111\u1ec1 ra ba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t n\u00f4 l\u1ec7, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 S\u1ee2 H\u00c3I, TIN T\u01af\u1edeNG v\u00e0 GANH T\u1eca. Theo \u00f4ng, (1) ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m cho n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng (2) l\u00e0m cho n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ch\u1ee7 n\u00f4, v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i ra, (3) ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m cho n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c th\u00f9 h\u1eadn nhau, ganh t\u1ecb nhau v\u00e0 chia r\u1ebd nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a l\u00e1 th\u01b0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tranh lu\u1eadn, n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00edch d\u1eabn r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u trong c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch v\u1edf, phim \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 di\u1ec5n v\u0103n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
L\u00e1 th\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c in trong tuy\u1ec3n t\u1eadp \u201cL\u00e0m N\u00ean m\u1ed9t N\u00f4 L\u1ec7\u201d (The Making of a Slave) hay trong phim The Great Debaters do t\u00e0i t\u1eed n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng Denzel Washington \u0111\u00f3ng. N\u1ed9i dung l\u00e1 th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Willie Lynch c\u00f2n l\u01b0u tr\u1eef t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 in th\u00e0nh s\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh tr\u00ean Amazon.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
L\u00e1 th\u01b0 cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00edch d\u1eabn kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u v\u00ec ba \u0111i\u1ec1u Willie Lynch ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 n\u00f4 da tr\u1eafng ba th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i (modern slavery) \u0111\u1ec3 thay cho ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 th\u1eddi Willie Lynch. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i r\u00f5 n\u00e9t v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3 n\u1ed9i dung l\u1eabn h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u1ea1i B\u1eafc H\u00e0n qua c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u00e1ch lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 d\u1ef1a theo l\u00fd l\u1ecbch (Descent\u2013based slavery), n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 tr\u1ebb em (Child slavery) v.v\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u1eafc H\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 CS, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 B\u1eafc H\u00e0n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 CS bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 pha tr\u1ed9n th\u00eam c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201ct\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Kim Nh\u1eadt Th\u00e0nh\u201d. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i to\u00e0n tr\u1ecb, t\u1ea9y n\u00e3o, kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 CS.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u1ee6y ban Nh\u00e2n Quy\u1ec1n B\u1eafc H\u00e0n tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y c\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng phim \u1ea3nh ch\u1ee5p b\u1eb1ng v\u1ec7 tinh \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 t\u00f9 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb t\u1ea1i B\u1eafc H\u00e0n. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb b\u1eaft m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 gia \u0111\u00ecnh g\u1ed3m v\u1ee3 hay ch\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 con c\u00e1i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng b\u1ecb b\u1eaft v\u00e0 giam gi\u1eef su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi trong c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 t\u00f9 v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng t\u1ec7 h\u1ea1i. (The Hidden Gulag Second Edition The Lives and Voices of \u201cThose Who are Sent to the Mountains\u201d, David Hawk, Committee for Human Rights in North Korea)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1ea1i B\u1eafc H\u00e0n, t\u1ed9i \u201cth\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea3ng, l\u1eadp t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng hay c\u1eed ch\u1ec9 n\u00e0o d\u00f9 n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n b\u00e8, tin \u0111\u1ed3n, c\u00f3 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 nghi ng\u1edd, v\u1ebd m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb k\u1ebft t\u1ed9i t\u00f9 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m qu\u00e1 \u0111\u00f3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n B\u1eafc H\u00e0n ph\u1ea3i ra \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e0o r\u1ec5, c\u1eaft c\u1ecf v\u00e0 h\u00e1i l\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0103n trong khi gia \u0111\u00ecnh h\u1ecd Kim s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ebf v\u01b0\u01a1ng. M\u1ed3 h\u00f4i n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n B\u1eafc H\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf bom nguy\u00ean t\u1eed, mua s\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1n v\u00e0 x\u00e2y t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i. Theo m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 34 ng\u00e0n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i c\u1ee7a ba \u0111\u1eddi h\u1ecd Kim t\u1ea1i B\u1eafc H\u00e0n. Trung b\u00ecnh, m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i d\u00e0nh cho 750 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n B\u1eafc H\u00e0n. \u1ee6y Ban T\u1ed9i \u00c1c Chi\u1ebfn Tranh thu\u1ed9c Lu\u1eadt S\u01b0 \u0110o\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c T\u1ebf (IBA) k\u1ebft t\u1ed9i gia \u0111\u00ecnh h\u1ecd Kim v\u00e0o 10 t\u1ed9i \u00e1c ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i g\u1ed3m \u00e1m s\u00e1t, tra t\u1ea5n, b\u1eaft l\u00e0m n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c, b\u1ecf t\u00f9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed9i \u00e1c tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 Thomas Buergenthal, m\u1ed9t lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t tr\u1ea1i t\u00f9 Auschwitz \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i IBA cho bi\u1ebft \u201cc\u00e1c tr\u1ea1i t\u00f9 \u1edf B\u1eafc H\u00e0n c\u00f2n kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp h\u01a1n, t\u1ec7 h\u1ea1i h\u01a1n\u201d c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1i t\u00f9 \u0110\u1ee9c Qu\u1ed1c X\u00e3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i (modern slavery) c\u0169ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i Trung Qu\u1ed1c, n\u01a1i ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 to\u00e0n tr\u1ecb c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 (techno-totalitarianism) \u0111ang ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 to\u00e0n tr\u1ecb c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9c \u00e1c h\u01a1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 to\u00e0n tr\u1ecb c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n v\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed9ng th\u00eam c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u1edbi ra \u0111\u1eddi sau c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng tin h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u00e2n Trung Qu\u1ed1c, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf Trung C\u1ed9ng c\u0169ng tr\u1ea3 th\u00f9 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u00f4 b\u1ea1o m\u1ecdi th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 vi ph\u1ea1m c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc to\u00e0n tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9. Th\u00e1ng 10, 2021, h\u00e3ng H&M\u2019s g\u1edfi ra m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf s\u1ef1 \u201cquan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u00e1ch t\u1ea1i Khu T\u1ef1 Tr\u1ecb T\u00e2n C\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng b\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Duy Ng\u00f4 Nh\u0129. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, h\u00e3ng H&M\u2019s b\u1ecb thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec7m trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u1ed5ng h\u00e0nh dinh Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a h\u00e3ng t\u1ea1i Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ea3i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1ea1i c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc CS c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i qua vi\u1ec7c kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfm \u0111o\u1ea1t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng tinh th\u1ea7n v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m g\u00ec so v\u1edbi th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 n\u00f4 Willie Lynch. M\u1ea5t c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do c\u0103n b\u1ea3n hay b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng khung trong c\u00e1c khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb (political freedom) l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do tham gia v\u00e0o ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00f3 d\u00f9 v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 hay \u0111a s\u1ed1. Trong ba ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a Willie Lynch, ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn l\u00e0m cho nh\u1eefng n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ch\u1ee7 n\u00f4 l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef l\u00f2ng tin trong d\u00e2n ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh danh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3ng? C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u201cThu\u1ea7n h\u00f3a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201cThu\u1ea7n h\u00f3a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed\u201d (Historical domestication) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u trong th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thay \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y. Ba ng\u00e0n n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i c\u00e0 chua, ng\u00e0y nay v\u00f4 s\u1ed1, c\u00e0 chua bi, c\u00e0 chua cherry, c\u00e0 chua t\u00edm v.v\u2026 C\u1ee9 m\u1ed7i v\u00e0i n\u0103m l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i c\u00e0 chua m\u1edbi. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc Ba T\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n ba n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e0 chua nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng h\u01a1n b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats). Theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i DNA, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00e0 chua, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e0 chua kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trong ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc, \u201cthu\u1ea7n h\u00f3a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e0nh n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, \u0111\u1ea3ng CS \u201cthu\u1ea7n h\u00f3a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed\u201d b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch c\u1ea5y v\u00e0o nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ee7 quan \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n nh\u01b0 \u201cch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9 c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d, \u201ct\u1eeb th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n ph\u00e1p t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9\u201d, \u201cgi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng mi\u1ec1n Nam, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp \u0111i l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ng\u1eef mang t\u00ednh m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i hay \u0111\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n, tuy\u00ean c\u00e1o, ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft, c\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u0129nh m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 trong c\u00e2u n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00f4i, trong truy\u1ec1n kh\u1ea9u d\u00e2n gian.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ee7 quan \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i vi khu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i \u0103n s\u00e2u v\u00e0 t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 n\u00e3o b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Theo th\u1eddi gian, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3ng n\u1eefa m\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u00e0nh tr\u00ec nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c (comfort zone) c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb t\u1ea9y n\u00e3o. M\u1ed9t khi th\u00e0nh tr\u00ec nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c b\u1ecb ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb t\u1ea9y n\u00e3o s\u1ebd l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng binh v\u1ef1c cho \u0111\u1ea3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1eeb th\u1eddi Lenin, Mao cho t\u1edbi nay c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o CS ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n v\u1ec1 b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7. T\u1ea1i c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00e2n tr\u00ed th\u1ea5p, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch \u201c\u0110\u1ea3 h\u1ed5 di\u1ec7t ru\u1ed3i\u201d (Killing tigers, swatting flies) <\/strong>c\u1ee7a T\u1eadp C\u1eadn B\u00ecnh hay \u201c\u0111\u1ed1t l\u00f2\u201d c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fa Tr\u1ecdng ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eb1m trang \u0111i\u1ec3m khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea3ng s\u00e1ng s\u1ee7a h\u01a1n nh\u1eb1m thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn v\u00e0 qua \u0111\u00f3 chinh ph\u1ee5c l\u00f2ng tin c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang. Khi \u00f4ng Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fa Tr\u1ecdng qua \u0111\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng t\u00ednh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n b\u1ecb t\u1ea9y n\u00e3o hay b\u00e1o ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3ng, nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 v\u0103n, nh\u00e0 th\u01a1, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ec1 cao ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 th\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ebfc \u00f4ng Tr\u1ecdng th\u1eadt l\u00f2ng. L\u00fd do? Trong \u0111\u00e1y l\u00f2ng h\u1ecd, t\u1ee9c trong th\u00e0nh tr\u00ec nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c (comfort zone), v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea3ng CS. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Do \u0111\u00f3 khi nh\u00ecn nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed5i thay tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0 Syria, Ai C\u1eadp hay \u0111ang m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tranh \u0111\u1ea5u nh\u01b0 Venezuela, Iran trong l\u00f2ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t quan t\u00e2m c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y h\u1ed3i h\u1ed9p, n\u00f4n nao v\u00e0 ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e2u. Vi\u1ec7t Nam tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft v\u1eabn nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3 T\u00e2y y\u00ean t\u0129nh, th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng g\u1ee3n l\u00ean c\u01a1n s\u00f3ng nh\u1ecf khi m\u1ed9t l\u00e0n gi\u00f3 nh\u1eb9 th\u1ed5i qua tho\u1ea1t tr\u00f4ng r\u1ea5t n\u00ean th\u01a1 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u0103n b\u1ea3n n\u00e0o cho cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang ng\u1ed3i tr\u00ean gh\u1ebf \u0111\u00e1 b\u00ean b\u1edd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 Syria, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 Tunisia, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 Ai C\u1eadp, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 Libya. C\u01a1n gi\u00f3 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n \u00c1 R\u1eadp th\u1ed5i bay h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i \u1edf v\u00f9ng n\u00e0y t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2011 nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a th\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ebfn Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i qua ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch t\u1ea9y n\u00e3o v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1 trong nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t. Thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. Nh\u01b0ng nhanh hay ch\u1eadm, xa hay g\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1eabn s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i x\u1ea3y ra b\u1edfi v\u00ec kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n L\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i cho th\u1ea5y, khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb \u00e1p b\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean, s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecd s\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i. May m\u1eafn t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, d\u00f9 c\u00f2n \u00edt, \u0111\u00e3 can \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn t\u00f9 \u0111\u00e0y. Chuy\u1ebfn t\u00e0u l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c lao v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc cho m\u1ed9t b\u00ecnh minh s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn nay mai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Tr\u1ea7n Trung \u0110\u1ea1o<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u: Sau 7 gi\u1edd t\u1ed1i ng\u00e0y 25 th\u00e1ng 12, 1991, ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 CS to\u00e0n tr\u1ecb (totalitarianism), m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6318,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_container_layout":"default_layout","colormag_page_sidebar_layout":"default_layout","footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6317","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tieu-luan-chinh-tri"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.trantrungdao.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6317","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.trantrungdao.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.trantrungdao.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.trantrungdao.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.trantrungdao.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=6317"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.trantrungdao.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6317\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6319,"href":"https:\/\/www.trantrungdao.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6317\/revisions\/6319"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.trantrungdao.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/6318"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.trantrungdao.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6317"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.trantrungdao.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=6317"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.trantrungdao.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=6317"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}