<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Lu\u1ed3ng\ngi\u00f3 ngo\u1ea1i giao \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u khi T\u1ed5ng Th\u1ed1ng Hoa K\u1ef3 Richard Nixon b\u1eaft tay v\u1edbi Mao\nng\u00e0y 21 th\u00e1ng Hai 1972. Chuy\u1ebfn vi\u1ebfng th\u0103m Trung C\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Nixon nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o 3 m\u1ee5c\n\u0111\u00edch: (1) h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh t\u1ea1i \u0110\u00e0i Loan, (2) t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p\nh\u00f2a b\u00ecnh cho chi\u1ebfn tranh Vi\u1ec7t Nam qua \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n v\u00e0 (3) gi\u1ea3m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean\nX\u00f4. Nh\u01b0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t hai trong s\u1ed1 ba m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a TT Richard\nNixon \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam, chi\u1ebfn tranh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t\nb\u1eb1ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh m\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1u cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 30-4-1975. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
S\u1ef1\ng\u1ea7n g\u0169i gi\u1eefa M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 Trung C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea9y CS Vi\u1ec7t Nam nghi\u00eang xa h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda Li\u00ean\nX\u00f4. B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t cho r\u1eb1ng Trung C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3n b\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea3ng CSVN khi \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa\nTrung C\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 M\u1ef9 l\u00ean tr\u00ean quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t. Xu\u00e2n Th\u1ee7y, tr\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n\n\u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n c\u1ee7a B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t, t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o M\u1ef9 \u201c\u00e2m m\u01b0u chia r\u1ebd kh\u1ed1i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a.\u201d Kho\u1ea3ng\nc\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 Trung C\u1ed9ng xa c\u00e1ch d\u1ea7n m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 Trung C\u1ed9ng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp\nt\u1ee5c \u201c\u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ch\u1ee7\ntr\u01b0\u01a1ng chi\u1ebfm Ho\u00e0ng Sa tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi chi\u1ebfn tranh ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Sau\nkhi Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Paris \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd k\u1ebft, quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa CS B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 Trung C\u1ed9ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean\nt\u1ec7 h\u1ea1i h\u01a1n. H\u1ecdc b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc tranh ch\u1ea5p bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi v\u1edbi Li\u00ean X\u00f4 ph\u00eda B\u1eafc v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t\nt\u1eeb m\u1ed1i lo s\u1ee3 b\u1ecb bao v\u00e2y \u1edf ph\u00eda Nam, Mao ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn chi\u1ebfm c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3o\nngo\u00e0i Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi CS B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t chi\u1ebfm to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 r\u01a1i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n\nv\u00e0o qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4, l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 k\u1ebb th\u00f9 s\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a Trung C\u1ed9ng. Mao c\u00e0ng lo l\u1eafng\nh\u01a1n khi th\u1ea5y ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp\n(American Isolationism) tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y trong l\u00fac Li\u00ean X\u00f4 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3\nn\u0103ng l\u1ea5n chi\u1ebfm sang Ch\u00e2u \u00c1. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Ngo\u00e0i\nl\u00fd do l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5, vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfn chi\u1ebfm Ho\u00e0ng Sa l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc thay \u0111\u1ed5i quan tr\u1ecdng trong\nch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Mao, chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean\nquan \u0111i\u1ec3m Marx-Lenin-Mao sang th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. \u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c thi c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y,\nMao c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u \u00f3c th\u1ef1c d\u1ee5ng, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ai kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u0110\u1eb7ng\nTi\u1ec3u B\u00ecnh. Ng\u00e0y 22 th\u00e1ng 12, 1973, Mao ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i h\u1ecd \u0110\u1eb7ng. <\/p>\n\n\n\n M\u1eb7c\nd\u00f9 gi\u00e0 nua, b\u1ec7nh ho\u1ea1n, ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u201cph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 Trung Qu\u1ed1c b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t\u201d l\u00e0\nch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Mao. <\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u1eb7ng\nTi\u1ec3u B\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c nh\u01b0ng y ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea7y m\u1ed9t\nth\u00e1ng sau s\u00e1u n\u0103m b\u1ecb h\u1ea1 b\u1ec7. Chu \u00c2n Lai ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecda nhi\u1ec1u phi\u00ean h\u1ecdp c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Ch\u00ednh Tr\u1ecb\nnh\u01b0ng trong th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd Chu \u0111ang b\u1ecb k\u1ebft \u00e1n h\u1eefu khuynh. Di\u1ec7p Ki\u1ebfm Anh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\ngiao tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a \u1ee7y ban nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd Di\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 77 tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n\nt\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e3nh th\u1eddi V\u1ea1n L\u00fd Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Chinh. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Th\u00e1ng\nGi\u00eang 1974, Mao quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ti\u1ebfn chi\u1ebfm Ho\u00e0ng Sa tr\u01b0\u1edbc. K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch chi\u1ebfm Ho\u00e0ng Sa\n\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u r\u1ea5t k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 chi ti\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 chu\u1ea9n\nb\u1ecb d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec7n h\u1ed9 cho h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c Vi\u1ec7t Nam. <\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u1ec1\nm\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i: \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 l\u00fd do t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng Ho\u00e0ng Sa c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a, b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y\ntuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n Trung C\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 11, 1973 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft gi\u1eef\nt\u00e0u \u0111\u00e1nh c\u00e1 Trung C\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 vi ph\u1ea1m ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n Trung C\u1ed9ng,\nbu\u1ed9c Trung C\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea3i \u201cph\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7.\u201d Ng\u00e0y 11 th\u00e1ng Gi\u00eang 1974, B\u1ed9 Ngo\u1ea1i Giao\nTrung C\u1ed9ng ra th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n tr\u00ean qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Ho\u00e0ng Sa v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n\nchung quanh qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00e0y: \u201cC\u00e1c qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Nam Sa, T\u00e2y Sa, Trung Sa \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n\nc\u1ee7a l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 Trung Qu\u1ed1c. N\u01b0\u1edbc C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Trung Hoa c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3\ntranh c\u00e3i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00e0y.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u1ec1\nm\u1eb7t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c: M\u1ed9t \u1ee7y ban \u0111\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o cao c\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t trong \u0111\u1ea3ng v\u00e0\nnh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Trung C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ti\u1ebfn chi\u1ebfm Ho\u00e0ng Sa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\nth\u00e0nh l\u1eadp trong phi\u00ean h\u1ecdp c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Ch\u00ednh Tr\u1ecb do Chu \u00c2n Lai ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecda. N\u0103m \u1ee6y vi\u00ean B\u1ed9\nCh\u00ednh Tr\u1ecb trong \u1ee7y ban g\u1ed3m Th\u1ed1ng Ch\u1ebf Di\u1ec7p Ki\u1ebfm Anh (Ye Jianying), Ph\u00f3 Ch\u1ee7 T\u1ecbch\nTrung \u01af\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng H\u1ed3ng V\u0103n (Wang Hongwen), \u1ee6y Vi\u00ean Th\u01b0\u1eddng Tr\u1ef1c B\u1ed9 Ch\u00ednh Tr\u1ecb\nph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Xu\u00e2n Ki\u1ec1u (Zhang Chunqiao), Ph\u00f3 Th\u1ee7 T\u01b0\u1edbng \u0110\u1eb7ng Ti\u1ec3u\nB\u00ecnh (Deng Xiaoping) v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i T\u01b0\u1edbng T\u01b0 L\u1ec7nh Qu\u00e2n Khu B\u1eafc Kinh Tr\u1ea7n T\u00edch Li\u00ean\n(Chen Xilian). Chu \u00c2n Lai giao cho Di\u1ec7p Ki\u1ebfm Anh tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh \u1ee7y ban.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Mao\nph\u00ea chu\u1ea9n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u1ee7y ban<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n M\u1ed9t\nphi\u00ean h\u1ecdp m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng sau \u0111\u00f3, ngo\u00e0i Chu \u00c2n Lai v\u00e0 n\u0103m th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u00f2n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tham d\u1ef1\nc\u1ee7a \u0110\u00f4 \u0110\u1ed1c T\u00f4 Ch\u1ea5n Hoa (Su Zhenhua), Ch\u00ednh \u1ee6y Th\u1ee9 Nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a H\u1ea3i Qu\u00e2n Trung C\u1ed9ng.\nT\u00f4 Ch\u1ea5n Hoa l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng t\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi \u0110\u1eb7ng Ti\u1ec3u\nB\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng. <\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u1edbi\nm\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch cao c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 ban b\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf vi\u1ec7c\nti\u1ebfn chi\u1ebfm Ho\u00e0ng Sa kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tranh ch\u1ea5p bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea3o b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n\nmang m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i chi\u1ebfm Ho\u00e0ng Sa b\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi gi\u00e1. <\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u1ec1\nm\u1eb7t qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n Trung C\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c vi\u1ec5n\nchinh h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tham chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c\nc\u1ea9n th\u1eadn. B\u1ed1n ng\u00e0y sau khi Trung C\u1ed9ng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n, 11 chi\u1ebfn h\u1ea1m c\u1ee7a h\u1ea3i\nqu\u00e2n Trung C\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 600 l\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ec7nh ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o v\u1ecb tr\u00ed. C\u00e1c phi \u0111o\u00e0n chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u\nc\u01a1 \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o H\u1ea3i Nam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ec7nh s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng tham chi\u1ebfn. \u0110\u1eb7ng Ti\u1ec3u B\u00ecnh trong th\u1eddi\ngian n\u00e0y v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao ph\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 T\u1ed5ng Tham M\u01b0u Tr\u01b0\u1edfng Qu\u00e2n Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng Nh\u00e2n\nd\u00e2n Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 thay m\u1eb7t \u1ee7y ban \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Qu\u00e2n \u1ee6y Trung \u01af\u01a1ng\nc\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p. B\u1ed9 T\u01b0 l\u1ec7nh H\u1ea1m \u0110\u1ed9i Nam H\u1ea3i d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n T\u01b0\nl\u1ec7nh Zhang Yuanpei tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ti\u1ebfn chi\u1ebfm Ho\u00e0ng Sa. <\/p>\n\n\n\n K\u1ebf\nho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec7 tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean Mao v\u00e0 Mao ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Ng\u00e0y\n19 th\u00e1ng Gi\u00eang 1974, H\u1ea3i Qu\u00e2n Trung C\u1ed9ng ti\u1ebfn chi\u1ebfm Ho\u00e0ng Sa. Sau tr\u1eadn h\u1ea3i chi\u1ebfn\nkho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t gi\u1edd, Trung C\u1ed9ng chi\u1ebfm Ho\u00e0ng Sa. Ph\u00eda Trung C\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 18\nbinh s\u0129 thi\u1ec7t m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e0u n\u00e0o ch\u00ecm m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 b\u00e1o ch\u00ed T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng cho r\u1eb1ng\n\u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn h\u1ea1m c\u1ee7a h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n Trung C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb b\u1eafn ch\u00ecm. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng\ntr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y chi ti\u1ebft \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y v\u00ec di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a h\u1ea3i chi\u1ebfn Ho\u00e0ng Sa \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u\nt\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1. R\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng tin\nqu\u00fd gi\u00e1 \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef t\u1ea1i website hqvnch.org.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Th\u00e1i\n\u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e0ng quan c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Ch\u00ednh\nph\u1ee7 M\u1ef9 ra l\u1ec7nh \u0110\u1ec7 Th\u1ea5t H\u1ea1m \u0110\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c can thi\u1ec7p v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd ng\u1ea7m v\u1edbi Trung\nC\u1ed9ng s\u1ebd gi\u1eef th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e0ng quan trong tranh ch\u1ea5p Ho\u00e0ng Sa, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn h\u1ea1m v\u00e0\nphi c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n 12 h\u1ea3i l\u00fd c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Ho\u00e0ng Sa. Cam k\u1ebft\nn\u00e0y c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ngo\u1ea1i Tr\u01b0\u1edfng Trung C\u1ed9ng Ho\u00e0ng Hoa nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i trong di\u1ec5n v\u0103n \u0111\u1ecdc\ntr\u01b0\u1edbc Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c ng\u00e0y 12 th\u00e1ng T\u01b0 1972 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Ngo\u1ea1i Tr\u01b0\u1edfng\nHoa K\u1ef3 Henry Kissinger. <\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u1ea3n\ntin c\u1ee7a b\u00e1o Time ng\u00e0y 4 th\u00e1ng Hai 1974 c\u0169ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 trong h\u1ea3i\nchi\u1ebfn Ho\u00e0ng Sa l\u00e0 \u201ctuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i khoanh tay.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n Ngo\u00e0i\nra, tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n 1972, Trung C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eed \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh M\u1ef9 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch g\u1edfi c\u00f4ng\nh\u00e0m ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i khi m\u1ed9t t\u00e0u chi\u1ebfn M\u1ef9 vi ph\u1ea1m khu v\u1ef1c 12 h\u1ea3i l\u00fd c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Ho\u00e0ng\nSa. M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n M\u1ef9 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea3i h\u00e0nh trong khu v\u1ef1c 12\nh\u1ea3i l\u00fd do Trung C\u1ed9ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh. Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u cho Trung C\u1ed9ng bi\u1ebft\nM\u1ef9 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng can d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o tranh ch\u1ea5p Ho\u00e0ng Sa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u1ea1i\nsao Trung C\u1ed9ng ch\u1ecdn ng\u00e0y 19 th\u00e1ng Gi\u00eang 1974?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Ng\u00e0y\n19 th\u00e1ng Gi\u00eang 1974 l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m 24 n\u0103m Trung C\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam\nD\u00e2n Ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a. \u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n tr\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i\nt\u00e1t ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0o m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea3ng CSVN. <\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u1ed1i\nng\u00e0y 20 th\u00e1ng Gi\u00eang, Chu \u00c2n Lai tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp phi\u00ean h\u1ecdp \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 chi\u1ebfn\nd\u1ecbch, v\u00e0 ngay sau phi\u00ean h\u1ecdp y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng l\u00ean Mao. Qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Ho\u00e0ng Sa c\u1ee7a\nVi\u1ec7t Nam b\u1ecb s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecba ph\u1eadn t\u1ec9nh Qu\u1ea3ng \u0110\u00f4ng. C\u00e1c b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc\nTrung C\u1ed9ng sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 tung h\u00f4 \u201cchi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Mao Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n.\u201d V\u1ec1\nph\u00eda CSVN, ngo\u00e0i tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ba \u0111i\u1ec3m chung chung gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u00e0i cu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a\nc\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cCh\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 L\u00e2m th\u1eddi C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a Mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u201d ng\u00e0y 26 th\u00e1ng T\u01b0\n1974, c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o CS B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i n\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng\nx\u00e2m l\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Trung C\u1ed9ng. Khi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecb x\u00e2m l\u0103ng, nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb ch\u1ecdn th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 im l\u1eb7ng\nc\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c g\u00ec ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda x\u00e2m l\u0103ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u00e0i\nh\u1ecdc l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u1eeb h\u1ea3i chi\u1ebfn Ho\u00e0ng Sa<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n –\n\u0110\u1eebng tr\u00f4ng c\u1eady v\u00e0o ngo\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7n: <\/strong>Trong t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t The U.S.-China\nMilitary Scorecard: Forces, Geography, and the Evolving Balance of Power, 1996-2017\nc\u1ee7a RAND Corporation, tuy Trung C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea1t nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong h\u01a1n 30 n\u0103m hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i\nh\u00f3a, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n d\u1eabn tr\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ea5t xa. Ngay c\u1ea3 trong v\u0169 kh\u00ed\nnguy\u00ean t\u1eed, t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa M\u1ef9 so v\u1edbi Trung C\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 13 tr\u00ean 1. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, d\u00f9 b\u1eafn tr\u01b0\u1edbc,\nTrung C\u1ed9ng v\u1eabn s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e1nh tr\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng bom nguy\u00ean t\u1eed nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Tuy\nnhi\u00ean, s\u1ef1 v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt chi\u1ebfn tranh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a M\u1ef9 s\u1ebd can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o\nxung \u0111\u1ed9t Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng n\u1ebfu Vi\u1ec7t Nam b\u1ecb Trung C\u1ed9ng t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa. V\u00ec c\u00e1c l\u00fd do\nkinh t\u1ebf, M\u1ef9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ng\u01a1 nh\u01b0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng l\u00e0m ng\u01a1 v\u00ec l\u00fd do ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb trong h\u1ea3i\nchi\u1ebfn Ho\u00e0ng Sa 1974. B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a hai cu\u1ed9c th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn cho th\u1ea5y M\u1ef9 ch\u1ec9 tham chi\u1ebfn\nkhi quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1ecb va ch\u1ea1m tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i. Kh\u00f4ng\nn\u00ean tr\u00e1ch ai c\u1ea3. M\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia c\u0169ng th\u1ebf, ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean b\u1eb1ng\n\u0111\u00f4i ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tr\u00f4ng c\u1eady v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. <\/p>\n\n\n\n –\nD\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 h\u00f3a hay m\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc: <\/strong>Tham v\u1ecdng b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u00ean Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Trung C\u1ed9ng\nqu\u00e1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 l\u1ed9 li\u1ec5u. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u00e1p l\u1ef1c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u g\u00ec cho\nth\u1ea5y Trung C\u1ed9ng s\u1ebd t\u1eeb b\u1ecf tham v\u1ecdng chi\u1ebfm \u0111o\u1ea1t Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng. Ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u1eb7m nh\u1ea5m Bi\u1ec3n\n\u0110\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Trung C\u1ed9ng \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ch\u00fang hy v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9\nn\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u1eb7t M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0o th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ed3i. Trung C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 nu\u1ed1t v\u00f4 th\u00ec ch\u1ec9\nc\u00f3 c\u00e1ch m\u1ed5 b\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang m\u1edbi l\u1ea5y ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. <\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u1ec3\ntr\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecda m\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 h\u00f3a\nv\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 h\u00f3a g\u1ea5p. D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 trong ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i\nnh\u1eb1m t\u1ea1o s\u1ef1 tin c\u1eady n\u01a1i c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u01b0ng quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n\nt\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. M\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c chia r\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1eafng\n\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Trung C\u1ed9ng. D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i c\u00e1nh gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea5t cao l\u00ean c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi\n\u0111\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft m\u00e0 l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c\nqu\u1ed1c gia \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7\nh\u00f3a l\u00e0 th\u00e1o g\u1ee1 cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i CS hi\u1ec7n nay.<\/p>\n\n\n\n –\nCh\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f3a v\u1ecb tr\u00ed qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb \u201cPh\u1ea7n Lan H\u00f3a\u201d\n(Finlandization):<\/strong>\nTrong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Chi\u1ebfn tranh L\u1ea1nh, Li\u00ean X\u00f4 cho ph\u00e9p Ph\u1ea7n Lan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf\nd\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 trong khi kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf m\u1ecdi ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i n\u1ed9i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi\nquy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4. Ph\u1ea7n Lan kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m trong v\u1ecb\ntr\u00ed chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Kh\u00e1c\nv\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p Ph\u1ea7n Lan, m\u1ed9t Vi\u1ec7t Nam d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi kh\u1ea3\nn\u0103ng b\u1ecb \u201cPh\u1ea7n Lan H\u00f3a,\u201d\u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o v\u1ecb tr\u00ed chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng\nl\u00e0m cho qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf quan t\u00e2m. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Ch\u1ee7\ntr\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7n nay c\u1ee7a l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o CSVN \u201ckh\u00f4ng tham gia c\u00e1c li\u00ean minh qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, kh\u00f4ng\nl\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng minh qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o, kh\u00f4ng cho b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o \u0111\u1eb7t c\u0103n c\u1ee9\nqu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc kia\u201d l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1\ns\u00e1t, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang v\u1ec1 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft l\u1eabn th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. Ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n sao\nch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Trung C\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0ng kh\u00e1c \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec3m Trung C\u1ed9ng ch\u1ec9 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3\ntuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng. <\/p>\n\n\n\n K\u1ebft\nlu\u1eadn<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Robert\nD. Kaplan, nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed The\nPolicy hai l\u1ea7n x\u1ebfp v\u00e0o danh s\u00e1ch 100 nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (\u201cTop\n100 Global Thinkers\u201d), cho r\u1eb1ng Trung C\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cao s\u1ebd \u201cPh\u1ea7n Lan H\u00f3a\u201d Vi\u1ec7t\nNam. <\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cPh\u1ea7n\nLan H\u00f3a\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y\n\u00edt t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m v\u00ec c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia b\u1ecb \u201cPh\u1ea7n Lan H\u00f3a\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp tr\u00ean\ndanh ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o t\u1ea1i B\u1eafc Kinh. Trung Qu\u1ed1c\nl\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eeba th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111ang ti\u1ebfn r\u1ea5t ch\u1eadm v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec3\ngi\u1ea3m \u00e1p l\u1ef1c ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u1eeb trong n\u01b0\u1edbc qua vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec1 cao ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c\nm\u00e0 Trung C\u1ed9ng \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec m\u1edbi v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n nay c\u1ee7a\nTrung C\u1ed9ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 (Chinese exceptionism)\nnh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft gia c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3ng CSTQ \u0111ang d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn Trung C\u1ed9ng s\u1ebd\nkh\u00f4ng s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5. <\/p>\n\n\n\n M\u1ed9t\nth\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb nh\u01b0ng Robert\nD. Kaplan kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng\nng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c cao v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c\nthi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n l\u00e0\ny\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u00e2m th\u1ea7m nh\u01b0ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng nh\u01b0ng v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf\nt\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u, Phi Ch\u00e2u, v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i Li\u00ean X\u00f4 c\u0169. T\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1\nnh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u00f2n gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n, ch\u01b0a t\u1eadp trung, thi\u1ebfu t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang tr\u00ean\n\u0111\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gieo xu\u1ed1ng. M\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t, m\u1ed7i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c,\n\u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh n\u00ean t\u1eadp trung ch\u0103m b\u00f3n.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n Tr\u1ea7n\nTrung \u0110\u1ea1o<\/p>\n\n\n\n Tham\nkh\u1ea3o:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2013\nKuisong, Y. (2002). Changes in Mao Zedong\u2019s Attitude toward the Indochina\nWar, 1949-1973<\/em>. Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2013\nElleman, B., Paine. (2011). Naval Power and Expeditionary Warfare:\nPeripheral Campaigns and New Theatres of Navy Warfare<\/em>. Taylor and Francis\nGroup.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2013\nZhai, Q. (2002). China & The Vietnam Wars, 1950-1975<\/em>. University of\nNorth Carolina Press.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2013\nTonnesson, S. (2001, July). The Paracels: The \u201cother\u201d South China Sea Dispute. Asian\nPerspective<\/em>, 26(4), 145-169<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2013\nHeginbotham, E. et al. (2015). The U.S. China Military Scorecard: Forces,\nGeography, and the Evolving Balance of Power, 1996-2017.<\/em> RAND Corporation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n