<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ng\u00e0y 25 th\u00e1ng 12, 1991 l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u00e1o chung c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf\n\u0111\u1ed9 CS Li\u00ean X\u00f4 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 phong tr\u00e0o CS qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. H\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn\n\u0111\u00e3 ti\u00ean \u0111o\u00e1n s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean S\u00f4, trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nh\u00e0 v\u0103n nh\u01b0 George Orwell,\nnh\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb nh\u01b0 Winston Churchill, c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 CS b\u1ecb Stalin tr\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t l\u00e0\nLeon Trotsky, tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn, chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn ph\u1ea3i\nnh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn George Kennan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
George Kennan (1904-2005) qua L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft Ng\u0103n Ch\u1eb7n\n(Containment Theory) kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u201cM\u1ed9t khi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a CS kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\nn\u1eefa, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n
L\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Th\u00e1ng 2 n\u0103m 1946, George F. Kennan c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ngo\u1ea1i\ngiao trung c\u1ea5p l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho t\u00f2a \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ee9 M\u1ef9 t\u1ea1i Li\u00ean S\u00f4. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9\nT\u00e0i Ch\u00e1nh M\u1ef9 g\u1edfi t\u00f2a \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ee9 t\u1ea1i sao Li\u00ean X\u00f4 l\u1ea1i ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Ng\u00e2n\nh\u00e0ng Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 Qu\u1ef9 Ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, George F. Kennan g\u1edfi B\u1ed9 Ngo\u1ea1i giao M\u1ef9 m\u1ed9t\nb\u1ea3n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch qua h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edn d\u00e0i 5,500 ch\u1eef, trong \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y\nm\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch chi ti\u1ebft quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Stalin v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn\nl\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean ph\u1ea1m vi to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m\ny\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\n\u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u00e0i ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a George Kennan kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\nbi\u1ebft ng\u00e0y nay nh\u01b0 \u201cB\u1ee9c \u0110i\u1ec7n T\u00edn D\u00e0i.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u1ebfu b\u1ea3n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1edfi \u0111\u1ebfn B\u1ed9 Ngo\u1ea1i giao M\u1ef9 m\u1ed9t n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc\n\u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0o s\u1ecdt r\u00e1c hay \u0111i th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o ph\u00f2ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00ec M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 Li\u00ean X\u00f4 c\u00f2n\n\u0111ang li\u00ean minh nhau t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ee9c t\u1eeb hai h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0110\u00f4ng, T\u00e2y. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nh\u01b0ng th\u00e1ng 2 n\u0103m 1946, v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m B\u1ed9 Ngo\u1ea1i giao ch\u00fa \u00fd.\nCh\u00ednh t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Harry S. Truman ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n\nt\u00edch b\u1ea3n t\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a George Kennan v\u00e0 ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i d\u1ef1a\ntr\u00ean c\u00e1c d\u1eef ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn m\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a ra. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edn c\u1ee7a George Kennan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng\nv\u0103n ki\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9\ntrong g\u1ea7n n\u1eeda th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, t\u1eeb sau Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 Hai cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Li\u00ean X\u00f4 s\u1ee5p\n\u0111\u1ed5 n\u0103m 1991. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u01a1 c\u1edf tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng\nph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a George Kennan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch Ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n (Containment\nPolicy).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
H\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft nh\u01b0 Domino, Nixon, Reagan; c\u00e1c k\u1ebf\nho\u1ea1ch kinh t\u1ebf nh\u01b0 Marshall Plan; c\u00e1c li\u00ean minh nh\u01b0 Li\u00ean ph\u00f2ng B\u1eafc \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng\n(The North Atlantic Treaty Organization) g\u1ecdi t\u1eaft l\u00e0 NATO t\u1ea1i ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, Li\u00ean\nPh\u00f2ng \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 (Southeast Asia Treaty Organization) g\u1ecdi t\u1eaft l\u00e0 SEATO t\u1ea1i \u0110\u00f4ng\nNam \u00c1 hay Hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc H\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng Li\u00ean M\u1ef9 Ch\u00e2u (Inter\u2010American Treaty of Reciprocal\nAssistance) t\u1ea1i M\u1ef9 Ch\u00e2u c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u00f3. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Su\u1ed1t 9 \u0111\u1eddi t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9 t\u1eeb Harry Truman \u0111\u1ebfn George Herbert\nWalker Bush, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf trong m\u1ed7i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n, c\u00e1c\nchi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00edch nghi nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng \u0111i xa m\u1ee5c\nti\u00eau ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
George Kennan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 cha \u0111\u1ebb c\u1ee7a L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft Ng\u0103n Ch\u1eb7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra d\u01b0\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh cu\u1ed9c ch\u1ea1y \u0111ua v\u0169 trang, Star Wars, vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n\nvi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3, \u0111\u1ea3o ch\u00e1nh v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea3o ch\u00e1nh, c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c\ngi\u00e0nh d\u00e2n chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng s\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1n c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ed9n v\u1edbi\nnhi\u1ec1u m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sau chi\u1ebfn tranh Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch Ng\u0103n Ch\u1eb7n c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 d\u01b0\u1edbi\nth\u1eddi T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Jimmy Carter v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Ronald Reagan \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb th\u1ebf th\u1ee7 sang\nth\u1ebf c\u00f4ng \u1edf Afghanistan nh\u01b0 Brzezinski k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i \u201cNay ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eb7ng\ncho Li\u00ean X\u00f4 m\u1ed9t Vi\u1ec7t Nam ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd\u201d, b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c y\u1ec3m tr\u1ee3 v\u0169 kh\u00ed cho phe\nContras \u1edf Nicaragua, gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 cho Li\u00ean minh D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c V\u00ec \u0110\u1ed9c l\u1eadp Ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a\nAngola (The National Union for the Total Independence of Angola, UNITA) \u1edf\nAngola, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh v\u1edbi k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ch\u1ea1y \u0111ua v\u0169 trang v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m nh\u1eb1m\nl\u00e0m ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf Li\u00ean S\u00f4. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Li\u00ean X\u00f4 ki\u1ec7t qu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 tan r\u00e3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u1ed9t nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t c\u1ee7a George Kennan v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Li\u00ean X\u00f4\nl\u1ea7n n\u1eefa c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi Trung C\u1ed9ng: \u201cR\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9\nch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Li\u00ean X\u00f4 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n l\u00e2u d\u00e0i,\nki\u00ean nh\u1eabn nh\u01b0ng ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a\nNga.\u201d (It is clear that the main element of any United States policy toward the\nSoviet Union must be that of long-term, patient but firm and vigilant\ncontainment of Russian expansive tendencies.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tr\u1ea7n Trung \u0110\u1ea1o<\/p>\n\n\n\n
L\u01b0u \u00fd: Mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ecdc to\u00e0n v\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edn, c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0o\nkhu T\u00e0i Li\u1ec7u trong Website trantrungdao v\u00e0 download xu\u1ed1ng trong d\u1ea1ng pdf.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Ng\u00e0y 25 th\u00e1ng 12, 1991 l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u00e1o chung c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 CS Li\u00ean X\u00f4 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 phong<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5218,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_layout":"default_layout","footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5217","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tieu-luan-chinh-tri"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.trantrungdao.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5217","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.trantrungdao.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.trantrungdao.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.trantrungdao.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.trantrungdao.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5217"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.trantrungdao.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5217\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5219,"href":"https:\/\/www.trantrungdao.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5217\/revisions\/5219"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.trantrungdao.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/5218"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.trantrungdao.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5217"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.trantrungdao.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5217"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.trantrungdao.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5217"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}