<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n Bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng ng\u00e0y 19 th\u00e1ng 8, 1934 l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111i b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ee3p\n th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ed1i cao c\u1ee7a Adolf Hitler. M\u1ed9t c\u1ed9t b\u00e1o l\u1edbn \ntr\u00ean trang nh\u1ea5t long tr\u1ecdng c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 \u201cH\u00f4m nay Hitler l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \nnh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0110\u1ee9c\u201d. T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Paul von Hindenburg qua \u0111\u1eddi hai ng\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3.\n Hitler \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn l\u00e0m Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng Gi\u00eang n\u0103m 1933 v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n h\u01a1n \nm\u1ed9t n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eeba h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p \nph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c. Sau c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Hindenburg, \nHitler n\u1eafm l\u1ea5y c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 thay b\u1eb1ng qu\u1ed1c \ntr\u01b0\u1edfng, l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ed1i cao c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n d\u00e2n v\u00e0 to\u00e0n qu\u00e2n. G\u1ea7n ch\u00edn ch\u1ee5c ph\u1ea7n \ntr\u0103m nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu cho Adolf Hitler v\u00e0o ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 Qu\u1ed1c Tr\u01b0\u1edfng \nv\u00e0 L\u00e3nh T\u1ee5 T\u1ed1i Cao. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nhi\u1ec1u l\u00fd do gi\u00fap Hitler th\u00f4n t\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh\n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn, trong \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ed3m tham v\u1ecdng chinh ph\u1ee5c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a y, \n\u0111\u1ea1i kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi 1928, hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc Versailles v\u00e0 khuynh \nh\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1ee7 h\u00f2a c\u1ee7a phe \u0111\u1ed3ng minh Anh Ph\u00e1p. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c l\u00fd do \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng\n \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gia ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 32% s\u1ed1 phi\u1ebfu b\u1ea7u hai n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1edf\n th\u00e0nh \u201cl\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 anh minh\u201d v\u1edbi g\u1ea7n 98.9% c\u1eed tri \u0110\u1ee9c \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 trong l\u1ea7n b\u1ea7u \nc\u1eed 1934 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a m\u1ed9t Adolf Hitler b\u1ed1n n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \nc\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u0110\u1ee9c tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u201cc\u1ee9u tinh d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c\u201d. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
L\u00fd do ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n V\u0169 kh\u00ed t\u01b0 duy th\u00e2m \u0111\u1ed9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap Hitler n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i\n t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ee9c. Theo s\u1eed gia Sebastian Haffner ngay c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c b\u1ecf \nphi\u1ebfu ch\u1ed1ng Hitler tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng quay sang \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 Hitler. B\u1ed9 m\u00e1y tuy\u00ean \ntruy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1ng Hilter th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t anh h\u00f9ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean t\u00e0i qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1,\n m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u00eang li\u00eang \u0111\u1ea7y huy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7m. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trong di\u1ec5n v\u0103n t\u1ea1i \n\u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i Qu\u1ed1c X\u00e3 \u0110\u1ee9c ng\u00e0y 28 th\u00e1ng T\u01b0, 1938, Hitler t\u00f3m t\u1eaft c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \ntr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a y: \u201cT\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua nh\u1eefng h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ee9c, t\u00e1i l\u1eadp tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1, \ngia t\u0103ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u1ed3 \u1ea1t trong m\u1ecdi l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c gia\u2026T\u00f4i \n\u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t 7 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p \u2026T\u00f4i\n ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb m\u00e0 c\u00f2n t\u00e1i v\u00f5 trang v\u00e0 \nb\u01b0\u1edbc xa h\u01a1n trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00f3a b\u1ecf Hi\u1ec7p \u01af\u1edbc Versailles. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp \u0110\u1ee9c \nc\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh b\u1ecb chi\u1ebfm \u0111o\u1ea1t t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1919\u2026T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 \nkh\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf m\u1ed9t gi\u1ecdt m\u00e1u c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng cho \nng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0110\u1ee9c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c kh\u00e1c.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e2u \u201ckh\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf m\u1ed9t \ngi\u1ecdt m\u00e1u c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0110\u1ee9c \nc\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c kh\u00e1c\u201d l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1eadt r\u00f3t v\u00e0o tai ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \n\u0110\u1ee9c cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi Th\u1ebf Chi\u1ebfn Th\u1ee9 Hai b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 m\u1ecdi h\u1ed1i h\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ec5 tr\u00e0ng. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a Hitler l\u00ean ng\u00f4i v\u1ecb L\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 t\u1ed1i \ncao v\u00e0 Qu\u1ed1c Tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0110\u1ee9c (F\u00fchrer und Reichskanzler) kh\u00f4ng ai kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \nJoseph Goebbels, B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed9 Tuy\u00ean Truy\u1ec1n \u0110\u1ee9c t\u1eeb 1933 \u0111\u1ebfn 1945. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n Sau khi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p Ti\u1ebfn S\u0129 t\u1ea1i Heidelberg University 1921 v\u1edbi lu\u1eadn \u00e1n \nnghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u k\u1ecbch ngh\u1ec7 l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n \u0110\u1ee9c, Goebbels gia nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea3ng Qu\u1ed1c X\u00e3 \u0110\u1ee9c \nn\u0103m 1923. Joseph Goebbels \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch di\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng Do Th\u00e1i v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\n trong nh\u1eefng c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ec1 \u00e1n n\u00e0y. Trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u1ee5 t\u00e1 th\u00e2n c\u1eadn Hitler, \nJoseph Goebbels g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi Hitler cho \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1edd ph\u00fat cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
\nD\u00f9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ca ng\u1ee3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201cthi\u00ean t\u00e0i \u0111en\u201d, Goebbels kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 cha \u0111\u1ebb \nc\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea9y n\u00e3o. Cha \u0111\u1ebb c\u1ee7a k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n \nth\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 CS trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 Lenin, Stalin v\u00e0 Mao Tr\u1ea1ch \u0110\u00f4ng. \n Joseph Goebbels \u201ch\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi, v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o\u201d ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c \nph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n CS t\u1ea1i Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 t\u1eeb CS Trung Qu\u1ed1c d\u00f9 \nl\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 ch\u01b0a chi\u1ebfm to\u00e0n l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba, \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ee9c. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n CS<\/p>\n\n\n\n
X\u00f3a b\u1ecf n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n X\u00f3a b\u1ecf n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u0169 v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 \nngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 CS. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n Ng\u00e0y 10 th\u00e1ng N\u0103m 1933, m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed1t s\u00e1ch do \u201c\u0111\u1ea1o qu\u00e2n \u00e1o n\u00e2u\u201d d\u01b0\u1edbi \nquy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Joseph Goebbels t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ea1i Bebelplatz v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng 20 ng\u00e0n t\u00e1c \nph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau th\u00edch b\u1ecb \u0111em ra \u0111\u1ed1t. Th\u1eadt ra, \u0111\u1ed1t s\u00e1ch l\u00e0 \nm\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p x\u00f3a b\u1ecf qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 m\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i t\u1eeb th\u1eddi \nvua Jehoiakim x\u1ee9 Judah tr\u01b0\u1edbc T\u00e2y l\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ebfn T\u1ea7n Th\u1ee7y Ho\u00e0ng t\u1eebng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.
\n Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Qu\u1ed1c X\u00e3, t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc CS, chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ed1t s\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec7n\n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00f3a b\u1ecf t\u1eadn g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n \nv\u0103n h\u00f3a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u1ee5c t\u00f9 Aleksandr \nSolzhenitsyn c\u00f3 nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ed1t s\u00e1ch t\u1ea1i Li\u00ean X\u00f4. T\u1ea1i Trung \nC\u1ed9ng sau, ngay sau khi chi\u1ebfm Trung Hoa l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba n\u0103m 1949 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u \nn\u0103m trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 C\u00e1ch M\u1ea1ng V\u0103n H\u00f3a sau \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 s\u00e1ch v\u1edf m\u00e0 c\u00e1c di \nt\u00edch v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trong s\u1ed1 20 ng\u00e0n t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m b\u1ecb Joseph \nGoebbels \u0111em \u0111i \u0111\u1ed1t t\u1ea1i Bebelplatz c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 r\u1ea5t quen thu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9c\n gi\u1ea3 Vi\u1ec7t Nam. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 Erich Maria Remarque. C\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \nd\u1ecbch sang ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb mi\u1ec1n Nam tr\u01b0\u1edbc 1975 y\u00eau th\u00edch nh\u01b0 \nChi\u1ebfn h\u1eefu, M\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 y\u00eau v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebft, M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn mi\u1ec1n T\u00e2y v\u1eabn \ny\u00ean t\u0129nh. Ch\u1ec9 trong v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y sau ng\u00e0y 30 th\u00e1ng T\u01b0, 1975, c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \nc\u1ee7a Erich Maria Remarque l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa l\u1ea1i n\u1eb1m trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch b\u1ecb \u0111em ra \n\u0111\u1ed1t. Erich Maria Remarque qua \u0111\u1eddi n\u0103m 1970 n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft tin bu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb \nCSVN. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Thu\u1ea7n khi\u1ebft l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hitler v\u00e0 Stalin, nh\u01b0 c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf \ngi\u1edbi bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 hai trong nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb s\u00e1t nh\u00e2n t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o nh\u1ea5t nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \nnh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh Hitler \u0111\u00e3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n b\u00e0y t\u1ecf s\u1ef1 th\u00e1n ph\u1ee5c d\u00e0nh cho Stalin v\u00e0 \nca ng\u1ee3i y trong vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m thu\u1ea7n khi\u1ebft h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea3ng CS Li\u00ean X\u00f4 qua vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i \nb\u1ecf c\u00e1c m\u1ea7m m\u1ed1ng Do Th\u00e1i nh\u01b0 Leon Trotsky, Grigory Zinoviev, Lev Kamenev,\n Karl Radek kh\u1ecfi n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea3ng. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kh\u00f4ng ai ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn Joseph\n Goebbels c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u0103ng khi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 \nph\u00e2n t\u00edch xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201cthi\u00ean t\u00e0i \u0111en\u201d v\u00ec y \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong \nvi\u1ec7c ti\u00eam ch\u00edch ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u1ef1c \u0111oan v\u00e0o t\u00e2m l\u00fd nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0110\u1ee9c. Tuy \nnhi\u00ean, so v\u1edbi Lenin, Joseph Goebbels ch\u1ec9 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
\nLenin \u0111\u01b0a k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n l\u00ean m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 cao nh\u1ea5t khi khai th\u00e1c m\u00e2u \nthu\u1eabn gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u00e0nh cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh giai c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1eabm m\u00e1u, \nkh\u00f4ng khoan nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng. C\u00e1c c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n CS kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n m\u00e0\n c\u00f2n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean x\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9ng, t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o. B\u1eafc H\u00e0n, CSVN th\u1eeba h\u01b0\u1edfng \nc\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u00e0 Trung C\u1ed9ng, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t \nc\u00e1ch tinh vi \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trong \ndi\u1ec5n v\u0103n kh\u00e1 d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea3ng Qu\u1ed1c X\u00e3 v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng Ch\u00edn, 1935, \nJoseph Goebbels ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n CS \u201cb\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean\n t\u1eafc c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh bi\u1ec7n minh cho ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3ng CS t\u1ea1i \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u,\n Joseph Goebbels cho bi\u1ebft \u201cTh\u00e1ng 11 1934, Th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf T\u01b0\u1edfng Gi\u1edbi Th\u1ea1ch \nc\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn, ri\u00eang t\u1ea1i t\u1ec9nh Giang T\u00e2y kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \n\u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb CS gi\u1ebft v\u00e0 s\u00e1u tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c b\u1ecb c\u01b0\u1edbp s\u1ea1ch t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n.\u201d C\u0169ng trong \ndi\u1ec5n v\u0103n n\u00e0y Joseph Goebbels t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed9i \u00e1c kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a CS di\u1ec5n ra\n sau 1917 t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u201ccon ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi\u201d:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n CS tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. L\u00fd l\u1ecbch ba \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \nduy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh k\u1ebf t\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 d\u00f2ng gi\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \n\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh trong ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n. Stalin ph\u00ea \nb\u00ecnh quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a Hitler v\u00e0 g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Ph\u00e1t X\u00edt nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh \ntr\u1ecb l\u00fd l\u1ecbch qua \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh giai c\u1ea5p x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho t\u00ednh k\u1ebf \nth\u1eeba c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 CS. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m l\u1ea1 khi c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 CS th\u00edch \nh\u00f4n nhi \u0111\u1ed3ng. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u201chi\u1ec1n t\u1eeb\u201d c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh nhi \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \ntuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi CS b\u1edfi v\u00ec m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u \nc\u1ee7a tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea9y n\u00e3o CS l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu\u00e2n ph\u1ee5c t\u1eeb khi \nm\u1edbi ra \u0111\u1eddi. Lenin t\u1eebng n\u00f3i \u201ctrao cho ch\u00fang t\u00f4i m\u1ed9t em b\u00e9 v\u00e0 trong v\u00f2ng \nt\u00e1m n\u0103m, em b\u00e9 \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd m\u00e3i m\u00e3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi CS\u201d. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1eeb khi bi\u1ebft n\u00f3i, tu\u1ed5i\n th\u01a1 t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc CS \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u00e0n ng\u0169 h\u00f3a d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Thi\u1ebfu Nhi\n Ti\u1ec1n Phong. C\u00e1c ch\u00e1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 tu\u00e2n ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 h\u00e3nh di\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u1ed9c\n v\u1ec1 l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5. C\u00e1c ch\u00e1u thi \u0111ua s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c theo g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 v\u0129 \n\u0111\u1ea1i. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u00e2m l\u00fd x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \nc\u1ee7a thi\u1ebfu nhi. L\u1ec5 gia nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9i Thi\u1ebfu Nhi Ti\u1ec1n Phong l\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 quan \ntr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong \u0111\u1eddi m\u1ed9t em b\u00e9 v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong\n \u0111\u1eddi em b\u00e9. M\u1ed7i em b\u00e9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t c\u00e0-v\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ecf v\u00e0 l\u1edbn l\u00ean v\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m ki\u00eau \nh\u00e3nh v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i CS. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Joseph Goebbels \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Lenin v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a Qu\u1ed1c X\u00e3 t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u201ctr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u1edbi\u201d:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n Tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c hung th\u1ea7n kh\u00e1t m\u00e1u Heinrich Himmler, Heinrich M\u00fcller c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c \nQu\u1ed1c X\u00e3, hung th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ecf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch tr\u1ea5n \u00e1p t\u1ea1i Li\u00ean X\u00f4 l\u00e0 \nFelix Dzerzhinsky. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ec3 kh\u00e1t m\u00e1u n\u00e0y g\u1ed1c Ba Lan nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 \nng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u01a1 quan m\u1eadt v\u1ee5 Cheka kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp nh\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i Nga ngay sau \nkhi c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng CS 1917. Sau khi m\u1ed9t l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Cheka b\u1ecb \u00e1m s\u00e1t h\u1ee5t \nt\u1ea1i St. Petersburg, Dzerzhinsky ra l\u1ecbnh b\u1eaft 800 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb \nx\u1eed b\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t phi\u00ean t\u00f2a n\u00e0o. Ch\u1ec9 trong v\u00f2ng m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng \nCh\u00edn \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng M\u01b0\u1eddi 1918, \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 10 ng\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn 15 ng\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb \ngi\u1ebft. Danh t\u1eeb \u201cKh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1 \u0110\u1ecf\u201d xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
\nDzerzhinsky ki\u00eam nhi\u1ec7m h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 c\u1ea5p b\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u \nh\u00e0nh ng\u00e0nh an ninh S\u00f4 Vi\u1ebft. Y th\u00f4ng th\u1ea1o nhi\u1ec1u ngo\u1ea1i ng\u1eef m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh\n b\u1ecb dang d\u1edf v\u00ec tham gia ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng CS, b\u1ecb t\u00f9 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 l\u1ea7n b\u1ecb\n l\u01b0u \u0111\u00e0y t\u1eadn v\u00f9ng b\u0103ng tuy\u1ebft Siberia. V\u01b0\u1ee3t tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi Siberia v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \n\u0111\u1ed9ng CS t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ee9c. L\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng trong phong tr\u00e0o CS \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u, sau \n1917, Felix Dzerzhinsky thay v\u00ec h\u1ed3i c\u01b0 v\u1ec1 Ba Lan \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf l\u1ea1i Nga\n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea7u v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea3ng \u1ee7y CS th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 Moscow. Felix Dzerzhinsky chia s\u1ebb \nquan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Lenin v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 to\u00e0n tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Soviet v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \nnh\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng tr\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u01a1 quan an ninh CS.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Joseph Goebbels \nc\u0169ng r\u1eadp theo khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 tung ra chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch t\u00f4n s\u00f9ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi \nkh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u \u201cHitler v\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cTo\u00e0n n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Hitler\u201d. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n \u0110\u1ee9c Qu\u1ed1c X\u00e3 v\u00e0 tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n CS<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n – B\u1ed9 m\u00e1y tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n \u0110\u1ee9c Qu\u1ed1c X\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1eb7ng vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a trung \u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee9c \nB\u1ed9 Tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n, n\u01a1i ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, ph\u00e2n ph\u00e1t ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh m\u1ecdi ho\u1ea1t \n\u0111\u1ed9ng tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n trong l\u00fac d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 CS tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7\n th\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1eeb trung \u01b0\u01a1ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eebng t\u1ed5 ba ng\u01b0\u1eddi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
– M\u1eb7c d\u00f9\n s\u1edf h\u1eefu v\u00e0 khai tri\u1ec3n h\u1ec7 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn Qu\u1ed1c X\u00e3 trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m v\u1ec1 \nm\u1ed9t \u201cch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i\u201d trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai \u0110\u1ee9c, Joseph Goebbels kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \nnhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eeba t\u1eadn di\u1ec7t t\u00e0n t\u00edch c\u0169 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \ntr\u1ed3ng l\u00ean m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi v\u1edbi nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi nh\u01b0 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Lenin \nv\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o CS \u0111\u00e0n em \u1edf Li\u00ean X\u00f4 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc CS \nkh\u00e1c. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
– H\u00e0ng ng\u0169 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Qu\u1ed1c X\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 \nnh\u1eefng c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, v\u1eeba h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u1eeba tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n, kh\u00f4ng s\u1edf \nh\u1eefu m\u1ed9t c\u0103n b\u1ea3n l\u00fd lu\u1eadn v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, trong l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc CS kh\u1ea3 \nn\u0103ng tuy\u00ean tuy\u1ec1n l\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \nC\u1ed9ng S\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
– Tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n Qu\u1ed1c X\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 tr\u1edf n\u00ean \nh\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u khi sau khi Hitler n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n, trong l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, khi ho\u1ea1t\n \u0111\u1ed9ng trong b\u00ed m\u1eadt c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean CS \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n, \ns\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t nh\u1edd v\u0169 kh\u00ed tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n, t\u1edd b\u00e1o b\u00ed m\u1eadt Pravda c\u1ee7a trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \n\u0111\u1ea3ng CS Nga c\u0169ng ra \u0111\u1eddi trong th\u1eddi gian ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ed m\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
– \u0110\u1ed1i \nt\u01b0\u1ee3ng tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Qu\u1ed1c X\u00e3 l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u00eau \ndi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c g\u1ed1c Do Th\u00e1i, trong khi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n l\u1eabn \nti\u00eau di\u1ec7t t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc CS \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft \nMarx, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n \u0110\u1ea3ng CS do M\u00e1c v\u00e0 Friedrich Engels so\u1ea1n, c\u0169ng c\u00f2n\n trong ph\u1ea1m vi tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf h\u00f3a m\u1ed9t tr\u00e1ch \ntri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 sau khi Lenin v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3ng CS Nga chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c sau C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng\n CS th\u00e1ng 10, 1917. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Boris Efimov, h\u1ecda s\u0129 h\u00ed h\u1ecda tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n \nch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb th\u1eddi CS Li\u00ean X\u00f4 th\u00fa nh\u1eadn \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh 70 n\u0103m ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng \nvi\u1ec7c b\u00f4i \u0111en nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a bao nhi\u00eau th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u0103m \nn\u01b0\u1edbc thu\u1ed9c Li\u00ean X\u00f4. \u00d4ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a. Anh ru\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng b\u1ecb Stalin x\u1eed\n b\u1eafn nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 l\u1ebd nh\u1edd t\u00e0i n\u0103ng \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho ph\u00e9p s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ebd h\u00ed h\u1ecda tuy\u00ean\n truy\u1ec1n. Theo Boris Efimov, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n CS v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp\n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00f4i mi\u00ean c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Kh\u00f4ng \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 \nt\u1eebng v\u00e0 \u0111ang b\u1ecb th\u00f4i mi\u00ean nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
H\u00f4m nay, b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng tuy\u00ean \ntruy\u1ec1n CSVN c\u00f2n d\u00e0y nh\u01b0ng so v\u1edbi 42 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ebd h\u1edf. \u00c1nh \ns\u00e1ng t\u1ef1 do d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 theo cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng tin h\u1ecdc tr\u00e0n v\u00e0o v\u00e0 gi\u00fap l\u00e0m thay\n \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 l\u00e0m n\u00ean m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \nc\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f4ng v\u00e0 s\u1ebd \u0111\u00f4ng h\u01a1n. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng xa, nh\u1eefng con n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf h\u00f4m nay s\u1ebd l\u00e0m n\u00ean th\u00e1c l\u0169.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tr\u1ea7n Trung \u0110\u1ea1o<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tham kh\u1ea3o:
– Ian Kershaw, The F\u00fchrer Myth: How Hitler Won Over the German People, SPIEGEL ONLINE International
\n – Joseph Goebbels, Communism with the Mask Off, speech was delivered to\n the annual congress of the Nazi Party on 13 September 1935.
– Jean Marie Domenach, Political Propaganda, K\u1ef9 Thu\u1eadt Tuy\u00ean Truy\u1ec1n Ch\u00ednh Tr\u1ecb, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Th\u1ebf Uy\u00ean, nxb Th\u00e1i \u0110\u1ed9 S\u00e0i G\u00f2n 1969.
– Michael Mccarty, The Historical Roots Of Chinese, Communist Propaganda, Baylor University,
– Archie Brown, The Rise and Fall of Communism, HarperCollins, New York, NY 2011<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng ng\u00e0y 19 th\u00e1ng 8, 1934 l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111i b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ee3p th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a vai<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5135,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_layout":"default_layout","footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5134","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tieu-luan-chinh-tri"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.trantrungdao.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5134","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.trantrungdao.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.trantrungdao.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.trantrungdao.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.trantrungdao.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5134"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.trantrungdao.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5134\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5136,"href":"https:\/\/www.trantrungdao.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5134\/revisions\/5136"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.trantrungdao.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/5135"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.trantrungdao.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5134"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.trantrungdao.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5134"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.trantrungdao.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5134"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}